| 1 |
Author(s):
Moza Omar, Ali Mwadini, Salama Yusuf.
Page No : 1-16
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TAXATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF ZANZIBAR
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between tax collection and economic development in Zanzibar using the annual time series secondary data from the period 1990–2019. The study employed the Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) to achieve the intended purpose. The estimation result showed that the entire three variables that were chosen as the proxy of taxation namely; VAT, CIT and CED had positive significant relationship with the economic development. The results also showed that there is existence of a bidirectional causality relationship between CED and economic development at 5% level of significance also bidirectional relationship between labour forces and capital formation with economic development at 5% level of significant. In addition, the results revealed unidirectional causality relationship from both VAT and CIT to economic development. The study then recommends among others, that the government of Zanzibar should re-visit and review some custom and excise tax laws and regulations that are repugnant to the performance of the custom and excise tax system, so as to block and discourage the loopholes that are being exploited by taxpayers to either evade or avoid tax payments.
Keywords: Dynamic Ordinary Least Square, Zanzibar, Tax
| 2 |
Author(s):
Emmanuel Chao, Nsubili Isaga, Jerum Kilumile, Johakim John.
Page No : 17-28
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EMERGING CHALLENGES FACING BUSINESS INCUBATORS IN IMPLEMENTING THEIR ACTIVITIES IN TANZANIA
Abstract
Business incubators (BIs) have been recognized as among the effective tools in providing assistance to most startups. The number of BIs have been growing tremendously in both developed and developing countries including Tanzania. study aims at identifying the emerging challenges facing BIs in implementing their activities in Tanzania. Studying the challenges facing BI is important as we get to know the potential areas that needs intervention hence enhance BI’s performance. The study was conducted in Dar es salaam and Iringa in eastern and southern highland parts of Tanzania respectively. The choice of the two regions was due to the fact that, these are among the regions with reasonably many BIs programs and startups. The study employed qualitative methods to answer the research question. Purposive approach was employed to select 15 BIs, the approach was employed as it allowed researchers to choose the suitable BIs which will easily provide answers.
Data for the study were collected through in-depth interviews, and semi-structured questionnaires. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Results indicates that, BI centers are facing a lot of challenges which can be categorized into two groups: BI centers-based challenges (financial constraints, limited space and infrastructure, lack of collaboration among Labs), and incubates based challenges (Unwillingness, less commitment, and unfaithfulness). Therefore, it is important to consider the incubates based challenges, incubators-based challenges and working environment challenges when studying the challenges facing BIs.
Keywords: Business incubators, Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Startups, SMEs
| 3 |
Author(s):
Emmanuel Chao .
Page No : 29-38
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CROWDFUNDING IN AFRICA: Policy and Education perspectives
Abstract
Crowdfunding presents a growing range of opportunities especially in the emerging and developing economies. In spite of the prospects for potential impact of crowdfunding in these economic regions, a growing number of regulatory and policy challenges are posing significant limitations. In addressing these limitations, it requires a systemic intervention from both education and policy perspectives. The higher education positioning in the crowdfunding research and insights, is expected to contribute to better policy development and higher levels of active participation (in alternative finance). This paper provides a crowdfunding synopsis from policy and higher education frameworks in the within the context of emerging markets of Africa. The focus is on progress made, gaps and theoretical inputs on the ideal requirements for higher education and policy in terms of structures, roles and process.
Key words: Crowdfunding, higher education, policy, institutions
| 4 |
Author(s):
Yuslida John.
Page No : 39-61
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THE DIGITAL ECONOMY AND SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTREPRENEURS IN TANZANIA: AGENDAS, CONSTRAINTS, AND STRATEGIC MEASURES
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to look at the factors that contribute to the success of the digital economy among Tanzanian SMEs. Even so, the digital economy poses many challenges to SMEs. The purpose of this paper is to identify agendas, constraints, and measures that are associated with their application to SMEs in Tanzania. The theory of constraints was used to guide the study to fulfill its objectives. This paper builds on an exploratory case study of 15 SMEs that have implemented digital economy facilities. However, many businesses are unaware of the proper digital transformation processes, which jeopardize the anticipated benefits. SMEs are still primarily focused on basic service, which causes adoption gaps to widen as technologies become more sophisticated. Agendas like identification of key partners, training of digital users, developing personal relationships with customers, developing transaction channels for doing transactions, monitoring orders from customers, and developing digital facilities to support activities were identified. The study recommends that DE has become inevitable for SMEs, who face many challenges, making it important for these firms to continue to find measures that can rescue their failure.
Key words: Digital Economy, Small and Medium Entrepreneurs, Strategic Measures, Agenda and Constraints